The Central Dogma
A. What is the Central Dogma?Protein molecules can be made from genes that have information. To get from a gene to a protein, it has to go through transcription and translation. In transcription the information in the DNA goes to the RNA. In translation, the genes send a message to the RNA and then it assembles the protein. This takes place in the cytoplasm. If you have a different DNA letter , then your RNA will also change.
Reference: The Central Dogma>
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B. What is DNA? The nucleus contains the instructions that provide information for a living organism. The instructions come in DNA. The information in the DNA comes in a "double helix". The DNA code letters are guanine, adenine, thymine, and cytosine.
Click here and link to 'What is DNA?' and 'Build a DNA Molecule'> Watch the tutorials and summarize what you learned here. |
C. What is a gene?Click here and link to 'What is a gene?'> Watch the tutorial and summarize what
you learned here. Genes build all the proteins that make our bodies function. Genes are made of DNA. The genes in our DNA help operate our body parts, for example a red blood cell. Changes in the Hemoglobin protein could even result in sickle cell anemia. Genes also produce enzymes. |
D. Transcription and TranslationClick here and link to 'Transcribe and Translate a Gene'> Watch the tutorials and summarize what you learned here.
Transcription is when an RNA model is made from the way a DNA model is made. Translation is when a protein is made from what the RNA molecule contains inside of it. In this tutorial I learned that in DNA, each letter already is permanently paired up with a letter. A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G. |
E. What is a protein?Click here and link to 'What is a protein?'> Watch the tutorials and summarize
what you learned here. Proteins make everything function. Proteins are like different parts that all have an individual job, in order to make the body work. when the nerve network sends a message to the brain, the "receptor" protein is responsible for picking it up and sending it to the next cell. "Structural Proteins" help cells extend their branches and keep them in place. Each gene in the DNA has information on how to make certain protein. |
F. An Example of Gene ExpressionClick here and link to 'What make a firefly glow?'> Watch the tutorials and summarize what you learned here.
First, the amino acid makes up the Luciferase enzyme. The DNA is then copied. after the transcription, the Luc MRNA moves to the cytoplasm. the Luc MRNA is the recognized by the ribosome. It then translates into a new form. A chemical reaction between the enzyme and the Lucifern occurs. The energy required results in light. |