I. Cellular Biology
Cells are the basic unit of life. They are considered the basic unit of life because living object are made out of cells. Since biology is the study of life, it is important to know what life is made out of in order to study it.
II. How big are objects in the biological world?
Nail: 20 millimeters
Piece of hair on nail: 2 millimeters
Human hair: 200 micrometers
Dust mite: 200 micrometers
Ragweed Pollen: 20 micrometers
Lymphocyte: 20 micrometers
Red blood cells: 20 micrometers
Bakers Yeast: 20 micrometers
E coli: 2 micrometers
Staphylococcus: 2 micrometers
Ebola virus: 200 nanometers
Rhinovirus: 20 nanometers
Piece of hair on nail: 2 millimeters
Human hair: 200 micrometers
Dust mite: 200 micrometers
Ragweed Pollen: 20 micrometers
Lymphocyte: 20 micrometers
Red blood cells: 20 micrometers
Bakers Yeast: 20 micrometers
E coli: 2 micrometers
Staphylococcus: 2 micrometers
Ebola virus: 200 nanometers
Rhinovirus: 20 nanometers
III. Levels of Organization
Atom: the smallest unit of an element that still retains the elements properties. Electrons,protons,and neutrons are its building blocks
Molecules: two or more atoms of the same or different elements join to form molecules
Cell: the smallest unit that can live and reproduce on its own or as a part of a multi-celled organism
Tissue: a tissue, such as bone consists of certain types and proportions of cells interacting in some task
Organ: an organ consists of two or more tissues interacting in some task. A parrotfish eye is a sensory organ used in vision.
Organ System: organs interact physically, chemically, or both in an organ system. Parrot fish skin is an integumentary system with tissue layers, organs such as glands, and other parts.
Multi-Celled: Cells of most multi-celled organisms, including this Red Sea parrotfish, are organized as tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Population: a population is a a group of single-celled or multi-celled or multi-cellular individuals of the same species occupying a specified area.
Community: all populations of all species occupying a specified area are a community.
Ecosystem: an ecosystem is a community that is interacting with its physical environment. It has inputs and outputs of energy and materials. Reef ecosystems flourish in warm, clear, seawater, throughout the middle east.
Biosphere: the biosphere encompasses all regions of earths waters, crust, and atmosphere that had organisms. In the vast universe, Earth is a rare planet , and without its abundance of free-flowing water, there would be no life.
Molecules: two or more atoms of the same or different elements join to form molecules
Cell: the smallest unit that can live and reproduce on its own or as a part of a multi-celled organism
Tissue: a tissue, such as bone consists of certain types and proportions of cells interacting in some task
Organ: an organ consists of two or more tissues interacting in some task. A parrotfish eye is a sensory organ used in vision.
Organ System: organs interact physically, chemically, or both in an organ system. Parrot fish skin is an integumentary system with tissue layers, organs such as glands, and other parts.
Multi-Celled: Cells of most multi-celled organisms, including this Red Sea parrotfish, are organized as tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Population: a population is a a group of single-celled or multi-celled or multi-cellular individuals of the same species occupying a specified area.
Community: all populations of all species occupying a specified area are a community.
Ecosystem: an ecosystem is a community that is interacting with its physical environment. It has inputs and outputs of energy and materials. Reef ecosystems flourish in warm, clear, seawater, throughout the middle east.
Biosphere: the biosphere encompasses all regions of earths waters, crust, and atmosphere that had organisms. In the vast universe, Earth is a rare planet , and without its abundance of free-flowing water, there would be no life.
Visualizing Cells
We are using a compound microscope to visualize cells. |
2. What are the disadvantages of using a high-power objective lens? A disadvantage is that it is so big that you can not see the big picture. 3. Could a bacterium injure a plant by surrounding a plant cell and consuming it? By entering a plant cell? Explain your answer. [Teacher Reference Link> | Bacterial Endocytosis>]Background info:One bacterium equals one bacteria cell. plants and animals can both become sick with bacteria.For humans, antibiotics kills bacteria. Viruses are not dead or alive, they just lay dormant. Answer: No. because it can't engulf the whole plant because it is a lot smaller. 4. How are images altered by the microscope when viewed? How does the image move when the slide is adjusted? (Reference Link>) The image will move to the left if I move the slide to the right. (Taken from Textbook p. 29 Questions about Microscopes and Cells) |
IV. Types of Cells
There are many similarities and differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells . Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, have a cell wall, divide by simple cell division, contain a chloroplast, and have no centriole. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, no cell wall, undergo mitosis, don't have a chloroplast, and contain a centriole. Similarities among the two types of cells are that they both have DNA as their genetic material, they both have ribosomes, both have a cell membrane, both have vacuoles, and both have mitochondrion.
V. Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes v. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic
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Similar
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Eukaryotic
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